KORFBALL
THEORY
(This text
is an adaption of texts written by Jan Tamboer)
Whether a
player is a professional or an amateur, is young or old, rich, or poor, male,
or female, black, or white, does not matter when describing the characteristics
that make korfball, KORFBALL!
When describing
these characteristics, the characteristics of the participants is not in
question, however the reason why these participants enjoy and play the game is.
In other words, the characteristics of the activity (called ‘korfball’) is all
that matters. The fundamental
characteristics of korfball are / will be determined by the IKF and are
performed in international competitions.
First, the
word “korfball” can also be used in a less strict and wider sense, for example
each activity, where the objective is to throw a ball. Example: ‘Monkey in the
middle’. There are also plenty of “korfball-like” forms of play. Moreover, one
can think of all kinds of games especially where shooting, passing, running
intercepting the ball is the main focus. During a training session these may be
valuable activities. The objective to play these activities during P.E. lessons
in school may not have the objective to prepare to play competitive korfball. None
of this is problematic. Outside the organized competitions there are many more
ways to play. In the Netherlands there is a group that provides korfball
training with a method called ‘Teaching Games for Understanding’ (TGfU). In
their games they play game-like but they change very often the key features of
korfball. Another example is the 1 against 1 game (ONDO North Sea Tournament). There is also a
discussion started about Female Korfball. The question is whether this is this
korfball?
In addition,
by using the starting point of KORFBALL as an institutionalized competitive
sport, it is not excluded that some adjustments are sometimes desirable or
necessary. Young children, for example, play 4 against 4 nowadays, with a
larger korf, with a lower post, on a smaller pitch. These adjustments still
maintain the key characteristics of the game korfball. Another example of
adaptions in which the key elements of korfball are preserved is Beachkorfball.
The starting point of korfball as an institutionalized competitive sport does
not exclude the fact that adjustments can be made or that korfball can be
played in different ways. Korfball as an institutionalized competitive sport is
not a static affair, but constantly changing. What was meant exactly when, as
mentioned above, that key elements of korfball- despite adjustments- have been
preserved? What are those key elements? What is in other words, the logical
structure of the game of korfball? This is the core question of our Erasmus
course.
KORFBALL
LANGUAGE
Korfball is
a practical matter. It is all about making actions, doing, it is not about
words, but rather about actions. The
game is the reason that coaches and players and referees use many words to
discuss the sport. The korfball activity itself concerns both training sessions
and matches. What exactly is achieved there and how is that verbally
expressed? The people who are directly
involved, know what they are talking about and seem to be the experts
concerning korfball language. Such questioning would indeed provide much
valuable data.
On the
other hand, does not mean that their language is always clear, coherent, consistent,
and uniform. [1]In
addition, the korfball language of coaches for example, can differ greatly and
often, although the same terms are used, they mean something completely
different. That korfball language is not at all uniform. Not rarely do they
contradict themselves, use identical terms in ever-changing meanings, and make
use of an inscrutable secret language.
Coherence
and consistency within the korfball language are not possible without a certain
theory, in which a vision of korfball is described. Such a theory can be
referred to with the term ‘korfball theory’. Korfball Theory is not the same as
the sum of scientific disciplines such as sport physiology, biomechanics, and
sport psychology. Korfball theory takes its starting point of reasoning in the
korfball activity itself and attempts to put its key characteristics into
words. It focuses an analysis of the fundamentals, the logical structure of the
game of korfball. After describing these fundamentals, the data from scientific
disciplines can be judged on their value and meaning.
KORFBALL
THEORY
We need to
describe the key characteristics, in other words the fundamentals of korfball.
The important objective in our Erasmus course is as mentioned to contribute to
a greater coherency and consistency within the korfball language. This intended
consistency in the use of language is different than advocating a rigid
uniformity. It is all about primarily to clarify the fundamental or basic
concepts and their correlation.
A
meaningful and useful interpretation of concepts like ‘stamina’ or ‘team
building’ or ‘technique’ can only be given when it is related to the key
features of korfball itself. Without knowing these key features such concepts
mean little or nothing. The fact that korfball is a team sport, is correct and
not insignificant. At least as important however, is the fact that korfball
players are constantly running, turning, jumping and always need to be focused.
However, this also says little about the true characteristics of korfball. As
with team building, one should not consider these actions in isolation and
separately. Running during a korfball game is not the same as what athletes do
on a track, and concentration during a korfball match is unlike concentration
required by an exam. For example, a coach tells players that they are not ‘concentrating’,
or they have ‘fear to failure’ or they have not a good ‘technique’. These
remarks do not work. We call these terms non-contextual terms. Non- contextual
terms stimulate subjectivity. This has a negative effect on the exchange of
knowledge and therefore on the development of korfball.
With these
examples and we would be able to add many more, we try to get the point across
that the heart of the matter is always the same: without a vision of the
fundamentals of korfball, the danger exists that all kinds of terms and
concepts create a meaning of their own. Furthermore, these terms like
‘concentrating ‘, ‘confidence’, ‘mental toughness’, ‘resilience’, ‘aerobic
power’[2]
lack the framework from which their meaning can be understood and evaluated.
AN ACTION THEORETICAl
VISION ON THE GAME OF KORFBALL
What are
those key characteristics of korfball. That question is easier asked than
answered. Different answers to that question are possible, depending on the
chosen point of view.
Therefor to
be able to analyse korfball, it is necessary to discuss the viewpoint that is
taken up. To put it in another way, from what vision are the key
characteristics of korfball verbally expressed and discussed.
ACTION LANGUAGE
In this
article korfball is approached and described from an action theoretical vision.
We must clear that later. For now,
it is enough to just say that we primarily see people as action making human beings,
and that also korfball is a form of action. This point of view generates
language, with which the actions are being described into words, the action
language, this ties directly into what may be found in everyday practice. Some
examples: Attacking; Defending; Shooting; Scoring; Passing; Running as accelerating
and decelerating to get a free position; Assisting Rebounding; Playing 4-0; Squeezing towards the ball.
These examples
are rather arbitrary an incoherent but can still make somewhat clearer what is
meant by action language. Action language is language with the use of verbs,
they do not primarily say something about bodily movements, such as
contractions of muscles or displacements of arms and legs but describe a
certain way how people cope with their environment (context). Winking is an
action and blinking is a bodily movement. If somebody winks, he/ she winks at
another person. This involves a relationship with someone else. Blinking your
eyes is meaningless, is not intentional.
The above-mentioned list of verbs show that
much of the korfball language consists of action language and that the choice
of an action theoretical vision makes sense. It shows that several cases it
pertains to actions of individual korfball player and in other cases to that of
a team. Sometimes it concerns the way the ball is played and sometimes it
concerns taking up certain positions. In other cases, it concerns aspects to
control the tempo of the game. In other words, there is a certain order and
structure within the action go over later.
To
adequately be able to understand the korfball language, having just an action
theoretical point of view will not suffice. A further restriction is necessary.
If this restriction is not created, most verbs from the above examples would be
completely incomprehensible or could also relate to other situations, and thus
get a meaning that was not intended. Words such as defending and attacking can
also refer to war situations enc. Language and therefor action language is only
the meaningful when it is placed within a certain context.
KORFBALL CHARACTERISTICS
(key features)
Just as in
field hockey, basketball, and football, KORFBALL is a form of acting in the
context of a game. These activities have some common features which
characterize them as a 'game'. Each game is characterized by (1) a goal, (2)
means to achieve that goal, (3) rules (or 'laws of the game') and (4) the
voluntary acceptance of these rules. These characteristics are inextricably
linked. ln short, playing a game comes down to voluntarily attempting to
overcome unnecessary obstacles ('deliberately act difficult').
(1) The
goal of a game is also called the purpose of the game. This goal belongs to the
definition of a game, is intrinsic, and it is not to be confused with all kinds
of extrinsic objectives (such as 'health promotion' or ‘making money’)
The goal of
korfball is, while using the means in accordance with the laws of the game, to
score at least one goal more than the opposing team. This can also be referred
to as 'winning'. Those who do not pursue this goal are doing something
different than participating in a korfball game. The suggestion that 'wanting
to win' would be contrary to fun in the korfball game, is based on a
misunderstanding. ln addition, 'wanting to win' should not be confused with the
outside interests which may be related to this. The goal of the game is also
not linked to a certain 'style of play' and applies as much to a one-time
korfball match as to matches played in a league'
(2) The
goal of the game can only be realized by using those means, which are in
accordance with the rules. When considering these 'means' of korfball one can
initially think of a ball, two teams and a playing field. However, these
'means' only then get meaning when they induce and invite certain actions
(always in relation to purpose and laws of the game). What are those actions
and how can those actions be described adequately and systematically? We will
explain this later.
What is the
role of 'movement' in korfball and how can we understand this from an action
theoretical viewpoint? The main purpose of this text, to describe the game of
korfball in action language, deals primarily with the 'means' of korfball, thus
the way the goal of the game, in accordance with the rules, can be pursued.
(3) The
main role of the rules (or 'laws') of the game is that they function as
obstacles on the road leading to the goal of the game. The most efficient ways
to achieve that goal are thus prohibited. This applies to the fundamental laws
of the game.
The most
important fundamental rules in korfball, are:
-
Korfball is a team-sport. Korfball should
first be defined at team level.
-
To
score is shooting the ball through a korf.
-
Winner
is the team that scores more goals that the other team.
-
Two
men and two women cooperate against an opponent of also two man and two women
in a zone, on equal base.
-
Interaction
sport with team players and opponents. Communication is base of the game.
-
The
ball must be played with the hands.
-
Solo
play is prohibited. Teamplay is encouraged.
-
The
game is played around (360 degrees), the korfball post.
The
performance of a korfball match is based on above characteristics (key
features) and is independent of external factors such as culture and subjective
beliefs. No matter who you are and where you were born, from a philosophical
point of view everyone plays the same game. The “WHAT of Korfball” is the same
for every player and coach. We call this the universal reference. IKF needs
this universal reference to educate coaches. A coach curriculum should base on
the characteristics of the korfball sport and not on someone’s opinion or past
experiences. [3]
Many other
rules are directly in line with this or are an extension of it. Laws of the
game are not laws of nature. They are in principle changeable. However,
changing a fundamental law would have the consequence that the same itself is
transformed into a different game (Female korfball). Laws of the game are not
only changeable, but one can also violate them and then be held accountable.
The 'means' of korfball, in particular the actions players (must) perform, are
led by the laws of the game, and without those laws of the game these means
cannot be adequately understood.
(4)
Voluntary acceptance of the laws of the game is a prerequisite to play a game,
including the game of korfball. What this exactly entails will be discussed
during the course. The meaning of the term 'game' should not be confused with
that of the term 'play'. 'Game' refers to a certain activity, 'play' to a
certain attitude. A playful attitude is not automatically connected to a
particular activity. lt is prevalent in
'game' situations, but also in numerous other situations, A playful attitude is
usually associated with the concept of 'freedom'. 0n the one hand, in the sense
of voluntariness, and on the other hand, in the sense of trying out new
opportunities, evoking surprise, and seeking out boundaries. ln addition, a
characteristic of this attitude is that an activity is carried out exclusively
because of the satisfaction one experiences in the activity itself.
Korfball
remains a 'game', whether it is played with a playful attitude. The game of
korfball offers many opportunities to play it in a playful way. This is in
principle not depended on the level of the players. ln regards to pedagogical
aspects; it is important that especially in youth football this playful
attitude is considered.
KORFBALL IS
MOVEMENT
Only by
executing certain actions can the goal of the game be pursued. This applies to
each game. In korfball certain movements are necessary. What does that mean?
What exactly is the difference between ‘acting’ and ‘moving”? And how can the
role that movement plays in korfball be described satisfactory, from an action
theoretical point of view? To answer these questions, it is first necessary to
make a distinction between two viewpoints about human movements. Human movement
can be understood and described in terms of ‘bodily movements’ and that of
‘move-actions’. Both concepts on movement are founded on different views
concerning the human body. When one sees the human body as a ‘thing’ or ’instrument’,
a ‘musculoskeletal movement apparatus’, then the body is disconnected from the
environment (context) and considered in isolation. [4]The
term ‘bodily movement’ in that case concerns a concept of movement that
connects with that view. Human movement in that case is described in terms of
displacements of body parts (whether observable from outside). To be able to characterize such a movement as
a ‘flexing of the arm, a ‘leg extension’ or ‘torso rotation’ one does not
require information about the context in which this movement take place.
Therefore, these bodily movements are in principle defined independently of the
environment. The relationship with the context is, to put it another way,
considered an extrinsic relationship (for example, in the sense of ‘cause’ and
‘effect’).
When in the
world of sports, one is guided by this view on human movement, then one refers
to the concept of ‘technique’ as the ideal typical way of displacement of body
parts. The term ‘conditioning’ (or ‘fitness’) the refers to the various
structures and processes in the body, which the execution of bodily movements
is based on, and may (partly) explain the nature of it. ‘Technique’ (in the
sense just mentioned) and ‘conditioning / fitness’ are traditionally seen as the
‘physical’ aspects of korfball. In addition, as is usually said, korfball also
has a ‘psychological’ or ‘mental ’aspect.
When
considering human movement in the sense of ‘bodily movements’, and one uses the
view to develop the starting point for a korfball theory, then it is nearly
inevitable that a distinction will be made between the ‘physical’ and ‘mental’
aspects and one has to endorse a dualistic view on human beings. This
applicable movement concept is based on a rather narrow view on the human body.
When one considers the human body as an instrument, then human movement can
only be described in terms of ‘bodily movements[5].
And to be able to call it an ‘action’ to this one more thing needs to be added,
that apparently is ‘mental’ in nature. In short, when one takes the departure
point of reasoning in ‘bodily movements’, then ‘actions’ in the heart of the
matter are understood as bodily movements, to which still something, for
example an ’intention’ must be added. The acceptance of a dualistic view of human
beings is then hard to avoid.
From an action
theoretical point of view, human movement is conceived and described in terms
of ‘move-actions’. And these ‘actions’ also are not bodily to which still
something needs to add to. This concept is founded a different broader (that is
‘relational’) vision on the human body, whereby is not necessary to distinguish
between ‘physical’ and ‘mental’ factors.
The fact that
human beings are ‘bodily’ being’s, does not primarily mean that they are
‘things’[6] or
‘instrument’s, to which eventually a controlling ‘mind’ must be added. It
merely means that human beings are inextricably connected with their
environment. In this relational view, human being and the environment are not
considered in isolation. Human beings are intentional being, which means that
they always are directed at and have a certain involvement with environment.
The other side of this environment constantly has a certain meaning for them.
This inextricable relationship between humans and the environment is verbalized
with the term ‘relation of meaning’ (or in-order-to-relationship’). [7] The
realization of relations of meaning, then, is what we denote as 'acting'. That
human beings are 'bodily' beings, means that in the heart of the matter they
are acting beings. Acting is the way people show that they are inextricably
connected to their environment. Action language is language in the form of
verbs, they do not really say something about bodily movements, but they say
more about the ways in which human beings can cope with their specific context.
These ways can differ immensely. One way of acting is unlike another. How this
acting can be characterized further is dependent on the specific way people are
directed at and involved with their environment, their primary intentionality.
This is different for speech actions and expressive actions compared to
move-actions. Move-actions have to do with a displacing way of dealing with the
environment. These actions one can distinguish based on three characteristics: (1)
the intentionality is primarily displacing directed, (2) the environment/
context is referred to in for displacing relevant terms (3) the mode of
displacement is specified in terms of time-spatial relationships.
Korfball is a
game, and different than for example chess, korfball is a movement game. To
describe in action language the way the goal of the game can be pursued, it is
necessary to consider human movement in the first place in the sense of
'move-actions’. This certainly does not mean that the role of 'bodily
movements' cannot be paid attention to. About the relationship between
move-actions and bodily movements, it can first be said that there is no
unequivocal connection between both. Here the principle of the functional
variability comes in play. This means that the same move-action can be executed
with different bodily movements. A move-action is not characterized by a fixed
'technique' (in the sense). However, the variable relationship between
move-actions and bodily movements shall not be considered as an absolute. On
the one hand bodily movements, as well as related issues such as muscle
strength, agility, and endurance, create certain limits to the execution of
move-actions, on the other hand, the language of bodily movements can give a further
characterization of how, with which 'technique' a move-action can (or must) be
performed.
The latter
point plays an important role in form-oriented sports, like gymnastics and
figure skating. The rules for these sports essentially cover the execution
method of bodily movements. The functional variability of move-actions is in
these types of sports contained by the criteria of a jury. Korfball is a
result-oriented form of sport, and the rules cover to a much lesser extent the
execution of certain bodily movements. Attention for 'technique', in the sense
of an ideal typical execution method of bodily movements, is in result-oriented
sports particularly important from the point of view of efficiency and
performance improvement. ln comparison to individual sports like swimming or
speed skating, the game of korfball, is however overly complex and has a high
degree of unpredictability.
Therefore,
'technique' in korfball should foremost be described in action language (in the
sense of) recognizing the intention.[8] ln
this case there is no ideal typical method of displacement of body parts. This
does not mean that, especially for beginners, global guidelines cannot be given
about the further characterization of certain move-actions in terms of bodily
movements. The view to consider the body as 'thing' or 'instrument’ can, as
said before, not be a starting point to understand human action. However,
people can be confronted with the conditional nature of that 'instrument’ when
an action can 'no longer' or' not yet' be successfully executed. Not being able
to perform certain bodily movements can be a constraint in carrying out
everyday move-actions. We are talking in this case of 'lower' limits. These are
particularly interesting for doctors and physical therapists. The 'upper
limits' create restrictions one encounters as soon as one pursues an
exceptional performance. ln sports, this is important when it comes to fitness
improvement when attempting to raise the 'upper limits'. From an action
theoretical point of view, human beings are primarily understood as acting
beings. With this their 'thing being' is not denied but viewed as 'conditional'
with which they are confronted in situations where they hit their limits.
KORFBALL
ACTIONS (objective universal reference)
To achieve the
goal of the korfball game, in accordance with the laws of the game, certain
actions must be executed. The heart of these korfball actions are move-actions.
Korfball however, is not just a matter of moving. Other kind of actions also
play a role.
Move-actions are only then korfball actions when the characteristics (the
key features) are seen in relation to the goal of the game and the rules. In a
general sense move-actions in korfball are always of dealing in a displacing
with the ball, the playing field, the teammates, and the opponents. These ways
of dealing may be described in more detail in terms of time-spatial
relationships (position, direction, tempo, timing, and moment) and are ultimately
focused on, in accordance with the laws of the game, displacing the ball in the
korf. When describing these specific korfball actions, it is a fact about
further elaborations and specifications of these general characteristics. How
can these korfball actions be structured in a logical and systematic way?[9]
Korfball is a
team sport and only as a team one can realize the goal of the game. Therefore,
the starting point of reasoning is taken in the actions which must be performed
at the team level. This is determined by whether a team in in possession of the
ball. Because both teams cannot be in in possession of the ball at the same
time, the game of korfball has a dual structure, whereby all korfball actions
are structured into two main and opposite categories: attacking and defending.
Ball possession can also change over in korfball, causing a team having to
transition from attacking to defending (or vice versa). At the team level,
so-called team functions, attacking, defending, and transitioning are logical
indications of korfball actions, based on whether a team in possession of the
ball is.
Attacking is an umbrella term for a range of
move-actions (team tasks), which can only be executed when a team has
possession of the ball, and these actions are directed at displacing the ball
in the korf, according to the laws of the game. Within this team function two
team tasks can be defined: building-up and scoring.
When building up the attacking actions are aimed at
creating opportunities to be able to score. In the game, this usually involves
a combination of passes, assists. To be able to contribute to this, individual
players must execute certain move-actions, (korfball actions) such as passing,
catching, shooting, rebounding, positioning, duelling, playing patterns,
rotating, etc.
For scoring, the ultimate team task, the players can
execute move-actions: the distance (long) shot, the V-shot (veering-off), the
running-in shot, the penalty shot; the short shot (free pass shot).
Building up and scoring are two team tasks, and each
of which has different move-actions that need to be executed. The general
characteristics of korfball actions always relate to this but are specific for
building up and scoring.
Defending is the logical counterpart of attacking. The
term covers those move-actions, which should be carried out if the other team
is in possession of the ball. Within this team a further distinction can be made between the team tasks disturbing the build-up
and preventing goals against (as logical counter actions of building up and
scoring).
Only from a
certain team function or team task do the korfball actions of individual
players get meaning. At this individual level, a further distinction can be
made between move-actions with, without ball contact. The concept of technique
has bearing on the first category (ball contact) and says something about the
level of which an individual player can execute them. The extent to which such a player is thus
able to recognize the ‘in-order-to…’ of the ball. Viewed from the logical structure
of korfball, it is important not to isolate technique, but always view
technique in relation to a certain team function or team task. Moreover,
korfball technique is a matter of level differences, and not an all or nothing
issue. Technique is relative: ‘better’ or ‘worse’.
The intentionality
of korfball actions is primarily directed (that is displacing the ball into the
korf. Korfball actions are always move-actions. However, they are never
exclusively move-actions. As acting beings, korfball players are always in
other ways, than just in a displacing way involved with their environment.
These other kinds of actions support the move-actions and can be identified by
the team game insight and communication. [10]
Just like
technique, the term insight says something about the actions of individual
korfball players. And these actions only get meaning in the context of certain
team function or team task. Individual korfball players must not only be able
to pass, to assist, to shoot, or to lock down in the 1 to 1, but also must be
able to read korfball situations in the sense of perceiving, recognizing,
interpreting, anticipating the plays, so that such move-actions are executed at
the right time and in the right place. Game insight can thus be defined as the
extent to which an individual player is able to perceive and recognize
opportunities to perform move-actions related to a particular team function or
team task, both for himself, his teammates, and the opponents. This concern,
(but not exclusively) the move-actions without the ball. It especially deals
with being able to perceive and recognize (including anticipating, considering,
and assessing) the time-spatial relationships.
Communication[11]
(in the context of korfball) is basic feature. By the law of korfball players
must cooperate and so to communicate to execute the team functions and team
tasks. Communication can simply be characterized as game insight at the team
level. It concerns all those communicative actions that be aimed to coordinate
the move-actions of the individual korfball players with each other. Players
will need to get a feel for each other, understand each other and coach each
other, always related to a certain function of team task. Communicative
features can on the one hand be shown in the form of the way the move-actions
are performed, and on the other hand, can be done in the form of certain
communicative actions verbally and non-verbally.
The logical
structure of korfball is independent of the level of the game is played at.
However, when the level is higher, then this holds consequences for the way the
various move-actions must be executed. Korfball players then are increasingly
confronted with their conditionalities in the sense of upper limits. What are
those conditionalities? What are the characteristics of korfball fitness? The
answer cannot be found in a physiological textbook. Those textbooks are not written
in action language. Only[B1] when taking the logical
structure of korfball, and thus the language of korfball actions as the starting point, can it become clear on
what conditionalities a demand is placed, as the level of the game increases. This
is manifested especially concerning the time-spatial relationships. The higher
the level, the smaller the spaces between attacker and defender and thus the
timing should be very precise. There is less time to act. Players will
therefore have to perform move-actions more often, accelerate, and decelerate and
they must also be able to sustain this higher intensity for the duration of the
match. Concepts such as recovery capacity, explosive ability and explosive
capacity can then connect to the domain of the physiology. They refer to
conditionalities, particularly around strength, speed, and endurance, where in
korfball matches, a high demand is placed on.
The korfball
theory developed in this text has consequences for the how and what of the
training activities. One uniform training method cannot logical be derived from
korfball theory. However, the training activity will also have to be described
in action language and its core concerns learning and practicing the same
move-actions and other actions, which players are asked to execute in a match.
In the form of some basic principles and general guidelines this is spelled out
and explained. Within these differences in emphasis will always be possible.
[1] The problem with korfball is
that even though we look at the same match, we sometimes say the same thing ,
but often mean something different Everything is arbitrary, because
non-contextual words are used like “confidence, mental toughness, resilience,
aerobic power, stamina”.
[2] These are physiological and
psychological terms. They are often used in non-contextual language
[3] Football coach Verheijen: : ‘’A coach who has won 5 titles
with his team is seen as the right person to teach others how to coach
football. His opinion and experience are used as an integral part of the
curriculum. Coaches learn to subjectively apply someone else’s subjective
opinions and past experiences.”
[4]Physiotherapists see mostly the body
as an instrument.
[5] Action theory does not deny
that players deal with fitness and mental problems. Action theory describes
these problem in contextual korfball language.
[6] Mulder, neurologist: “A Human
being is not a thing. I will indicate that the motor behaviour of man can only
be understood by seeing the relationship with his environment, with the tasks
and problems he has to solve.”
[7]Mulder, neurologist: “When I want to
cross the street it becomes clear that these are not separate physical and
mental processes. It is a complex interweaving of perception- decision-making
and motor processes.”
[8] Th assist should be from high
to high to reach the shooter. The defenders affect the form of the function of
assisting and shooting.
[9] See: The IKF Guide to Coaching
Korfball
[10] Communication precedes game
insight. Tactics as a mean to improve communication
[11] One of the tasks of the korfball
coach ais analysing how players communicate, decisions make, and execute, with
the teammates, during the match, to win the match
No comments:
Post a Comment